Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Task Example K-Swiss decides to utilize superstars and competitors to focus available of shoppers who are not kidding about execution in the games they play. What they are fundamentally saying to clients is something along the lines of â€Å"this high-performing competitor utilizes these particular shoes; consequently you should utilize them also in the event that you see yourself as a genuine athlete.† The message that they pass on again and again is that they produce top quality shoes and clothing for top quality competitors. Additionally, the Kenny Powers ads are amusing and have an impact of expanding brand mindfulness since individuals that wouldn’t in any case be keen on an item become more acquainted with about that item basically in light of the fact that they appreciate viewing the entertaining ads. K-Swiss advancements could really be viewed as meeting every one of the four kinds of Maloney’s rewards that a client anticipates. Right off the bat, K-Swiss shoes are no rmal since they address an issue of competitors who want superior just as agreeable shoes. Furthermore, the capacity to alter hues makes them request to the faculties and to the more easygoing purchaser too.

Consumer Related Reference Group Essay Sample free essay sample

Group:A gathering might be characterized as at least two individuals who connect to help through either individual or regular finishes. It types are as follows:1 ) Intimate Group: at least two people who do any endeavor or work together whether they are intrigued or non. 2 ) Formal Group: A gathering of large no. of individuals who are larning or executing an equivalent endeavor as a result of their ain contribution. 3 ) Nonreversible Group: It is a kind of gathering where a single buyer watches the visual angle or activities of others. who accidentally fill in as utilization related capacity hypothetical records. 4 ) Membership Group: It is a kind of gathering which is characterized by a position. It is a gathering to which an individual either has a place or would quantify up for rank. 5 ) Symbolic Group: It is sort of gathering in which a man is non liable to have rank. in spite of moving like a part by following the group’s values. We will compose a custom article test on Customer Related Reference Group Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page mentalities. also, conduct. UNDERSTANDING THE POWER OF REFERENCE GROUPS:? REFERENCE GROUPS: A notice bunch is any individual or gathering that fills in as a state of looking at ( or notice ) for a man in sorting out either broad or explicit qualities. perspectives. or on the other hand a particular attendant for conduct. It gives a significant situation to understanding the effect of others on an individual’s ingestion convictions. perspectives. also, conduct. It other than gives infiltration into the strategies venders some of the time use to outcome wanted modifications in purchaser conduct. ? Marketers’ Position:Mention bunches are bunches that fill in as casings ( If notice for people in their buy or ingestion judgments. The utility of this build is improved by the way that it puts no confinements on bunch size or rank. nor does it require that shoppers relate to a touchable gathering ( I. e. . the gathering can be representative, for example, owners of effective little concerns. taking corporate principle official officials. stone stars. or on the other hand golf well known people ) . ? Regularizing REFERENCE GROUPS:Mention bunches that impact general or inexactly characterized qualities or practices are called standardizing notice gatherings. For outline. a child’s notice bunch is his family unit which plays a basic capacity in throwing of child’s shopper practices and qualities. ( Such as Food. Dress and Shop ) . Regulating Mention bunches impact the advancement of essential codification of conduct. ? COMPARITIVE REFERENCE GROUP:Mention bunches that fill in as benchmarks for specific or barely characterized mentalities or conduct are called near notice gatherings. A relative notice gathering may be a contiguous family unit whose way of life has all the earmarks of being honorable and deserving of impersonation ( the way they keep up their place. their pick of spot trappingss and automobiles. their gustatory sensation in vesture. or on the other hand the figure and kinds of holidaies they take ) . Relative notice gatherings. follow up on the appearance of explicit purchaser mentalities and conduct. All things considered, the particular impacts of relative notice gatherings to some progression rely upon the essential qualities and conduct structures built up from the get-go in a person’s improvement by regularizing notice gatherings. ? DIRECT REFERENCE GROUPS:It is a gathering with whom an individual connected on an immediate balance (, for example, family and dear companions ) . It is a gathering which impact or notice a person on direct coordinated balance. So. the validity of that gathering could be higher than other gathering. ? Circuitous REFERENCE GROUP:Indirect notice bunches comprise of those people or gatherings with whom an individual does non hold direct up close and personal contact. for example, film stars. athleticss legends. political pioneers. TV characters. or on the other hand even great - dressed and fascinating looking individuals in the city. Referents:Referents an individual may use in estimating their ain general or explicit perspectives or conduct fluctuate from one individual to a few family individuals. to a more extensive proclivity or from an intentional relationship to a cultural classification. a calling. a social gathering. a network. an age class or even a state or human progress. Components THAT AFFECT REFERENCE GROUP INFLUENCE:The evaluation of impact that a notice bunch applies on an individual’s conduct regularly relies upon the idea of the individual and the product and on explicit cultural variables. ? Data and Experience:An individual who has firsthand involvement in a product or administration. or then again can simple get full Information about it. is less inclined to be affected by the guidance or representation of others. On the different manus. a person who has almost no involvement in a product or administration and does non envision to hold course to target data about it ( e. g. . a person who accepts that promotion might be misleading or deceptive ) is bound to search out the counsel or delineation of others. ? Believability. Allure. what's more, Power of the Reference Group: A notice bunch that is seen as trustworthy. alluring. or on the other hand ground-breaking can welcome on customer mentality and conduct adjustment. For representation. at the point when customers are worried about acquiring exact data about the open introduction or nature of a product or administration. they are probably going to be convinced by those whom they think about trusty and knowing. That is. they are bound to be convinced by beginnings with high validity. At the point when customers are mostly worried about the trustworthiness or gift of others they like. with whom they recognize. or then again who offer them position or different advantages. they are probably going to follow their product. exchange name. or on the other hand other conduct highlights. At the point when shoppers are primarily worried about the force that an individual or gathering can practice over them. they may take stocks or administrati ons that fit in with the standards of that individual or gathering so as to evade scorn or punishment. ? Prominence of the Merchandise:The conceivable impact of a notice bunch on a buy assurance shifts fitting to how outwardly or verbally prominent the product is to other people. An outwardly obvious product is one that wills champion and is seen (, for example, an extravagance point or curiosity stock ) ; a verbally obvious product might be very fascinating. or then again it perhaps simple portrayed to other people. Stocks that are especially prominent and position divulgence are well on the way to be bought with an oculus to the responses of applicable others. ? Reference Groups and Consumer Conformity:Sellers may hold dissimilar finishes concerning purchaser conformance. A few merchants. especially showcase pioneers. are keen on the capacity of notice gatherings to adjust customer mentalities and conduct by advancing conformance. To be prepared to do such impact. a notice bunch must help through the devotees: 1. Advise or do the single mindful of a particular product or exchange name. 2. Flexibly the individual with the opportunity to contrast their ain idea and the mentalities and conduct of the gathering. 3. Impact the individual to follow mentalities and conduct that are reliable with the standards of the gathering. 4. Sanction the assurance to use indistinguishable stocks from the gathering. Advertisers. who are liable for another exchange name or an exchange name that is non tj1emarket pioneer. may wish to choose a plan that requests that shoppers strike out and be extraordinary and non only follow the group while doing a buy assuran ce. Constructive Influences on Conformity:Group Features:†¢ Attractiveness†¢ Expertness†¢ Credibility†¢ Past Success†¢ Clarity of Group GoalsPersonal Features:†¢ Tendency to Conform†¢ Need for Affiliation†¢ Need to be Liked†¢ Desire for Control†¢ Fear of Negative Evaluation Variables Encouraging Conformity:†¢ Inform or do the single mindful of a particular product or exchange name. †¢ Supply the individual with the opportunity to contrast their ain idea and the mentalities and conduct of the gathering. †¢ Influence the individual to follow perspectives and conduct that are predictable with the standards of the gathering. †¢ Legalize the assurance to use indistinguishable stocks from the gathering. Chosen CONSUMER RELATED REFERENCE GROUPS:Consumers are possibly affected by a various extent of individuals that they interact with or distinguish. The family is perchance the most convincing notice bunch for customer conduct. The five kinds of gatherings that impact buyer perspectives and conduct are as per the following: 1. Fellowship Group:Friendship bunches are regularly named casual gatherings since they are typically unstructured and lack explicit approval degrees. In footings of similar impact. after an individual’s family unit. his of her companions are well on the way to follow up on the individual’s buy conclusions. Companions satisfy an expansive extent of requests: They give organization. security. also, opportunities to talk occupations that a man might be reluctant to talk with family unit individuals. Companionships are other than a characteristic of adulthood and independency. for they speak to a hindering off from the family unit and the framing of cultural ties with the outside universe. 2. Shoping Group:Two or more individuals who shop together. regardless of whether for supplement. for vesture. or on the other hand just to experience the clasp can be known as a shopping gathering. Such gatherings are regularly outgrowths of family unit or benevolent relationship bunches gesture. in this way. they work as privation has been alluded to as buy mates. The thought processes in shopping with a buy buddy scope from a mostly cultural inspiration to helping chop down the risk while doing an of import assurance. In situations where none of the individuals from the shopping bunch knows. much about the product viable a sho

Attend Admitted Transfer Day and Experience Illinois for Yourself!

Attend Admitted Transfer Day and Experience Illinois for Yourself! Congrats Illini, and welcome to the Illinois family! Now that you’ve been admitted, it’s time for you to come and explore campus, make new friends, and ensure that you know what your next steps are. That’s where attending Admitted Transfer Day comes in. This year, our Admitted Transfer Day will be taking place on April 13, 2018. During Admitted Transfer Day, there will be a short presentation on the next steps that you should be taking in your enrollment process, as well as presentations by New Student Programs and the Office of Student Financial Aid. Additionally, you will have a meeting with your specific academic community, and you will be able to attend a Campus Resources Fair where some of the offices on our campus will have booths with lots of exciting information. You might be asking yourself, “How do I sign up for Admitted Transfer Day?!” Glad you asked! You can register for Admitted Transfer Day right here! As always, feel free to contact our office by email at Admissions@Illinois.edu, by calling us at (217) 333-0302, or by commenting down below if you have any additional questions! Ready, set, explore! Zoe Transfer Recruitment Coordinator, Undergraduate Admissions I help transfer students navigate our application and admission process. I have a background not only in admissions but also in financial aid. I'm originally from southeastern Michigan.

The Presentation Of Self On Everyday Life ( Goffman, 1959 )

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Goffman, 1959) is a work analysing our daily life from the perspective that our actions and interactions with others, their rationale and meaning, are social in nature. Goffman applies metaphor to his theory of the presentation of the self by pursuing a dramaturgical analysis (p. 15) with the intent to describe how individuals construct and maintain performance in society, and how aspects of social and cultural expectation, define that behaviour. Social mores indicate we should behave differently under different social contexts to fulfil society expectations while maintaining the presence of our favourable self, within society. Given social interaction is guided by an individual’s need to control or manipulate the impression they are giving, this supports the idea that impression management also extends to online social environments, such as Facebook. Goffman applies the analogy of the theatre, or the dramaturgical approach, to frame how individuals use performance in an attempt to direct the impression that others may make of them by manipulating the props at their disposal. At the same time, the person they are socially engaged with- the audience; is attempting to make sense of the information they are receiving. Therefore, in an individual’s everyday life, most people wish to present themselves favourably so Goffman argues that the presentation of the self is concerned with the management of that impression. This involves aShow MoreRelatedGoffmans Key Terms and Consumer Experiences956 Words   |  4 PagesThe individual self is made up of different roles which actors enact; these may be one’s family roles, community roles, and professional roles and so on. Communication of these roles, so that others begin to understand what part of the individual self is being enacted, occurs either non-verbally or verbally (Goffman 1959). The way in which an actor dresses and accessorizes helps the actor comm unicate the role they are playing. Goffman (1959) refers to this as â€Å"standardized expressive equipment†.Read MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1305 Words   |  6 PagesConcept note: Dramaturgy The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982), was initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain social interaction and social roles. Like actors in a play, people play roles, working together to up hold various social realities and functional institutions such as work, school, home, medical, legal or leisure. Key components of this theory are ‘front and back’Read MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman955 Words   |  4 Pageshis book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman (1959) focuses on the self as a staged production in which people actively present themselves to different audiences one encounters. To bolster his conceptualization, Goffman used an interesting metaphor of â€Å"all the world’s a stage† (1959, 254). This, he terms as a â€Å"dramaturgical approach† (Goffman 1959, 240) in which an actor puts on a show for others; drawing analogies between human behaviors and the theater. Goffman (1959) likens the individualRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Dramaturgy Is Associated With Irving Goffman1041 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological perspective of dramaturgy is associated with Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) who developed the concept in his book The Presentation Of The Self In Everyday Life (1959). Using theatre as an extended metaphor, dramaturgy explains the everyday interactions that uphold social reality. Life is like a play, and like actors in a play, people perform roles, working in teams to create the social world, like scenes in a play. This provides functional institutions of work, school, home, hospitalsRead MoreThe Influence Of Symbolic Interactionism And The Social Context On How Others Might See Us1578 Words   |  7 PagesIn his book ‘The Presentation of self in everyday life’, Erving Goffman states â€Å"We are all just actors trying to control and manage our public image, we act based on how others might see us.† This is a pinnacle viewpoint of the sociological theory Symbolical Interactionism which is â€Å"a study of human group life and conduct which holds meaning central to human behaviour† (Blumer, 1992; Ray, L 2017: npg). This essay will critically evaluate this statement and its sociological significance. In orderRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, was developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) and initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). The concept was also a feature of subsequent works Behavior in Public Places (1963) and Interaction Rituals (1967), where the focus was on interaction and social scene rather than self-presentation and identity work. Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a playRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1748 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom their posts and how they begin to form their identity based on the social networks they engage in. In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Erving Goffman (1959) discusses his theory about dramaturgy. Goffman (1959) expresses his ideas by relating them with the way individuals encounter face-to-face interactions in their daily lives. He emphasizes the importance that life is similar to a theatrical play, where individuals adapt the roles of a presenter and audience. In addition, heRead MoreSocial Order (Foucault and Goffman)1463 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine two views on social order, applied to social sciences, and embodied in everyday life. It will compare and contrast a Canadian sociologist, Erving Goffman, and a French philosopher, Michel Foucault. Through an analysis of these two figures, the text will present different ways of looking at social ordering and individuals place in a human society. Firstly, it will be shown how Goffman and Foucault approach the subject of social order, finding patterns of behaviour in micro andRead MoreGoffman s Function alist Sociological Approach1469 Words   |  6 Pagestogether†. (Macionis and Plummer 2012) It also â€Å"goes beyond everyday common sense by using systematic methods of empirical observation and theories† (Boundless [online] 2015). I will be using Goffman’s functionalist sociological approach of Dramaturgy to understand human life and to analyse my first few weeks of university. Goffman’s sociology is â€Å"concerned with everyday life, in particular with showing the tenuous nature of social life.†(Smart, n.d) His theory is based on symbolic interactionalismRead MoreThe Presentation Of Self As A Work Developed By Sociologist Erving Goffman1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe Presentation of Self In Everyday Life is a work developed by noted sociologist Erving Goffman. In it, Goffman details the sociological perspective of our social interactions. He uses the metaphor of theatre to better understand the complexities surrounding interactions; it is fro m this seminal text that we establish words from the dramaturgical framework such as performance, backstage, front-stage, and costume as illustrations of interactionism. He begins the book by addressing the idea of performance

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Taxonomy of Love Free Essays

Do you know about the Taxonomy of Love? The Taxonomy of Love is a theory that practices belief in five types of love Eros, Ludus, Storge, Mania, and Pragma. The great William Shakespeare wrote the tragic tale of Romeo and Juliet, which can perfectly be related to the Taxonomy of Love. Because Romeo is an Eros lover and Juliet is a Mania lover they are more likely to become tragic heroes. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxonomy of Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe Romeo is an Eros lover because he is indeed ready for love in all of its aspects and idealizes and almost fantasizes about his life with Juliet. Juliet on the other hand is what I would say fits into the description of a Mania lover. Juliet is a Mania lover because she wants to see Romeo daily, even when he is banished from the town, and because she becomes fiercely preoccupied with thoughts of Romeo and needs his love. Two examples that support Romeo being an Eros lover are the fact that he killed himself for Juliet’s love and the sheer idea that he even after being banished from the town an being threatened with death if he returned still snuck inside the village to see Juliet. Two examples that support Juliet’s love for Romeo being Mania are her not only wanting to see Romeo daily but the Idea that if she didn’t see her dear Romeo she became vastly upset nd never wanted him to leave her presence. The second reason that supports Juliet being a Mania lover is the fact that she was completely aware of Romeo’s banishment from the town she still could not simply end the forbidden relationship. My first quote from Romeo and Juliet that I feel explains Why Romeo is an Eros lover comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 68-73. ) In lines 68-73 lies the battle between Romeo and Paris That leads to Paris’ death. The battle begins by Paris saying â€Å"I do defy thy conjuration/ and apprehend thee for a felon here†. / Romeo then says â€Å"Wilt thou provoke me? Then have at thee, boy! / Page says â€Å"O Lord, they fight! I will go call the watch. / Paris then utters the words O, I am slain! If thou be merciful,/ Open the tomb, Lay me with Juliet†. After those words Paris dies. The quote listed above shows pure implications that Romeo’s Love is indeed that of the Eros style. This shows implications Because one of the guidelines that goes along with being an Eros lover are that you have to be ready for love and all of its risks. That being said, Romeo took the ultimate risk of fighting Paris who is The kinsman to the Prince who threatened Romeo with death if he were to step foot in the town. Also, the very fact that even after Page said he was going to get the watch Romeo still stood his ground with Paris and risked being apprehended and put to death. The second quote comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 191-120 Romeo says â€Å"Here’s to my love! Drinks. O true Apothecary! / Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die†. This also falls under the guidelines of being an Eros lover Because Romeo once again, takes a risk for love. The risk Romeo took this time was the ultimate risk in which was his life. Being that he took his own life for Juliet shows true Eros love Being that he would not only die for her but would even go to hell for her. I will now give two quotes as to which support Juliet being a Mania lover. My first quote comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 175-176) Juliet says â€Å"This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die. / She stabs herself and falls on Romeo’s body. This is the perfect example of Mania love because Juliet basically Implies that seeing Romeo dead and not being able to be with him Might as well be death. She then kills herself and falls across her dear Romeo’s body. This goes with the guideline of Mania love because the guideline Is the idea that the person becomes convinced that life without the partner’s love is hardly worth living. My second quote that supports Juliet’s love as being that of the Mania kind is from (Act III, scene V, lines1-3. Juliet says to Romeo â€Å"Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. /It was the nightingale, and not the lark,/ that pierc’d the fearful hollow of thine ear. † This quote goes along with the guideline of Mania love: Wants to see the partner at least daily, and is easily upset By delays and postponements. I firmly believe that this perfectly fits into the guideline because Juliet was not ready for Romeo To leave her presence and began to become disappointed When Romeo protested and said â€Å" It was the lark the herald of the morn† Romeo and Juliet are tragic heroes because of their love styles. Romeo being a Eros lover leads to his downfall because of his risky behavior out of love. Juliet being a Mania style lover leads to her downfall because she Believes life without Romeo is insignificant and is no longer worth living for. In Conclusion, Romeo and Juliet are tragic heroes and any other Lovers who share the same love styles as them are apt to becoming tragic heroes. How to cite Taxonomy of Love, Papers

Product Mapping

Table of Contents Introduction Bases of positioning in the car industry Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Brands have a significant impact on an individual’s purchasing decision. Product brands can be considered to be culturally-based symbols with differing advantages associated to them. Currently, the automobile industry is characterized by a high degree of competitiveness (Gorman 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product Mapping specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the reasons for the intense competition is the large number of brands within the industry. Some of the main car brands within the industry include BMW, Porsche, Toyota, Volkswagen, Playmouth and Mercedes. One of the general rules of the car industry relates to consumer perception. If a particular car brand appeals to the consumers, there is a high probability that its sales volumes shall be stronger. Consumers have developed differe nt perceptions regarding these brands. In order to determine the competiveness of various brands relative to one another, it is important for the respective management team to incorporate positioning mapping (Auster, Wylie and Valante 23). Brand positioning entails emphasizing a product’s distinctiveness in relation to certain characteristics which the consumers considers most relevant. Product positioning enables a firm to compare and contrast its brand against competing brands. Through a position map, it is possible for a firm’s management team to develop a positioning strategy. The strategy can either be through product differentiation culminating into the firm attaining a relatively high competitive advantage. There are various dimensions through which a firm can consider when developing a product map. This paper is aimed at analyzing the concept of position mapping in relation to the car industry. Bases of positioning in the car industry With regard to the car ind ustry, some of the key dimensions which consumers consider include Classy/affordable Sportiness or conservative The graph below gives an illustration of a position map in relation to BMW, Porsche, Toyota, Volkswagen, Playmouth, and Mercedes car brands according to consumer brand perception. From the illustration below, it is evident that consumers consider Porsche to be the most classiest and sportiest of all the cars. This is illustrated by Porsches location on the top right corner.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the characteristics which make consumers consider Porsche as very classic and sporty is its make. The car has a rear wheel drive characteristic and a capacity of 6 vacuum controlled flaps. This increases the cars output and hence the power generated. The close position of BMW to Porsche indicates that consumers consider the two brands to be similar in re lation to the two dimensions considered. The BMW car model has got a relatively high horse power and fuel efficiency. This development was aimed at bridging the gap between BMW and other sports cars. Therefore Porsche brand is facing stiff competition from the BMW brand. In order to maintain its competitiveness, it is paramount for Porsche Automobile Holding to consider differentiating Porsche car model in order to improve its competitiveness. Despite the improvements made on the Mercedes, consumers still consider the model to be conservative. This arises from the fact that the car has retained its traditional model. However, a significant proportion of consumers consider the model to be classy. Its conservative model makes most consumers to consider the model as being unique from other car models (Adler Moss 69).Its position indicates that the brand does not face stiff competition. In order to penetrate the market, Playmouth car brand targeted the low price market. This makes the model to be very affordable. In addition, the model has remained to be conservative over the years in relation to its design. The model is not faced with stiff competition. Volkswagen is manufactured using high quality materials. This gives the car a classy look. In addition, the cost of Volkswagen is relatively low which makes it to be affordable. In addition, the car has low fuel consumption and a high speed. This makes consumers to attain value for their money. Its safety features such as stability control makes it appealing to the customers. On the other hand, consumers perceive Toyota to be sporty and affordable. However, the model has been overtaken by BMW over the past few years (Larry 1). Figure 1: Position mapAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product Mapping specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Position mapping plays an important role in a firm’s effort to determine the competitiveness of its products. By comparing the position of the products relative to other competing products, a firm’s management team is able to determine the most effective competitive strategy to adopt. This may either entail developing a positioning strategy such as through differentiation. Considering the competitive nature of the car industry, it is paramount for firms to consider integrating the concept of position mapping. This should be undertaken by considering various bases which affect the consumers’ perception. In the car industry, consumers have developed perception of the car models based on sportiness/ conservative and classic versus affordability. By evaluating the position of its product, a firm should consider the most effective strategy to adopt so as to reposition the product. There is a high probability of repositioning affecting the consumer product perception. Works Cited Adler, Dennis and Moss, Stirling. Mercedes Benz. New York: MotorBook International, 2001. Print. Auster, Ellen, Wylie, Krista and Valante, Michael. Strategic organizational change: building change capabilities in your organization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print. Gorman, John. Car brands competition in the automobile industry. New York: Hubpages Incorporation, 2010. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Larry, John. BMW replaces Toyota as most valuable global car brand. 29. Aug. 2010. 30 Oct. 2010. Web. This essay on Product Mapping was written and submitted by user Luckman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critically assess the significance and the implication Essays

Critically assess the significance and the implication Essays Critically assess the significance and the implication Essay Critically assess the significance and the implication Essay Critically assess the significance and the deduction of rank of the WTO in relation to both the Chinese legal system and legal regulations within China and the outside universe, with mention to specific spheres such as rational belongings. China became a member of the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) on 11 December 2001. For China, accession meant a cardinal measure frontward in its scheme to catch up with the advanced industrial universe by agencies of market socialism. It meant that China could legalize internationally, its career to recover its topographic point at the universe technological and productiveness frontier within the span of a few decennaries. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.1 ) what sets China apart from the remainder of the universe is the fact that its accession is portion of a larger scheme of monolithic and cardinal reform. The Chinese authorities embarked on the whole accession undertaking non because they are title-holders of free trade and all that the WTO stands for but because they feel it would give them excess purchase to coerce through hard alterations on the domestic economic system. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 97 ) The footings of China’s accession has been described as a trade whereby, for the interest of important medium and long term common additions, China accepts the hazards involved in restricting the grade of unconventionality in catching up and China’s trade spouses take the hazards entailed in swearing the ability of China’s leading to present on its committednesss. China’s major hazard is the potentially riotous societal deductions of transporting out within about a decennary, a whole version of its economic, institutional and legal construction to a trade name of market-led competition. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.1 ) It is obvious that the undertaking of doing China’s Torahs and ordinances conform to the WTO demands is a immense 1. Many of the reforms required of China have strong domestic every bit good as foreign constituency therefore it may non ever be easy for the authorities to implement policies that would guarantee conformity with its WTO demands. An issue that has been the subject of many a argument both within China and without is the consequence within the Chinese legal system of China’s execution of its demands under the WTO understandings. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 98 ) China had about 177 domestic Torahs and ordinances sing custom disposal, foreign investing, rational belongings and services to guarantee conformity with WTO regulations. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.2 ) China’s pact duties under the WTO understandings may go portion of domestic jurisprudence in three different ways. The first manner is that they could be embodied, in domestic statute law which includes all important beginnings of province norms in China including readings and other paperss issued by the Supreme People’s Court of China and other organic structures. This attack is known as transformation’ and China has adopted the attack on several occasions. A 2nd manner is through specific mention in domestic statute law. This is known as mediated incorporation’ . The Torahs direct tribunals than where aliens are involved and a jurisprudence proviso conflicts with China’s duty under a pact to which China is signatory, the jurisprudence under the pact should be followed. The 3rd manner is a yet controversial manner. It is the procedure by which pact duties merely organize portion of Chinese domestic jurisprudence without holding to travel through on e of the above phases. This is known as direct incorporation. Academics’ positions as to whether this is possible vary but the authorities are by and large of the sentiment that it is non. ( Clarke 2003, Pg. 99-100 ) . After the Torahs are imported’ , Judgess need to be trained, legal establishments and processs need to guarantee that that the Torahs are reasonably and impartially upheld and that legal opinions are enforceable throughout the state. There is besides the demand for commissariats for changeless reform. ( Margarinos and Sercovich 2002. Pg.2 ) .As pointed out earlier, accession to the WTO has meant that China has had to amend domestic Torahs that relate to countries like foreign investing, rational belongings and services to follow with their WTO demands. In this paper, I will discourse the alterations in China’s legal system and legal regulations within China and the outside universe brought on by its accession to the WTO in footings of foreign investing and rational belongings in a command to measure the significance and deduction of China’s accession. Foreign Direct Investment Since 1978 and particularly since its accession to the WTO understandings, China’s Foreign Direct Investment has increased. This is because China has made Torahs and enforced policies to cut down barriers to Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) . The tools that China used to make this are revenue enhancement grants and particular privileges for foreign investors and the constitution of Open Economic Zones ( OEZs ) . ( Tseng and Zebregs 2002, Pg. 11 ) Upon accession to the WTO understanding, China made farther committednesss in trade liberalization. It made committednesss for riddance of assorted demands of FDI. These committednesss included the riddance of foreign exchange and trade reconciliation, engineering transportation, local content and export public presentation. China has besides eliminated geographic and other limitations in cardinal sectors such as motor vehicles and the increasing of foreign ownership bounds in its telecommunications, life insurance and besides giving full national intervention to foreign Bankss. ( Tseng and Zebregs 2002, Pg. 13 ) The Impact of Accession to the WTO The accession has decidedly helped hike foreign investing to China. States that were hitherto doubting about covering with China for fright of the unjust and prejudiced Torahs are now more relaxed and have the backup of an international pact. The high duties on imports have been eliminated and the limitations on foreign exchange lifted. Foreign Bankss are besides given more favorable intervention. Intellectual Property One of the three pillars of the WTO is the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS ) . Upon accession, China agreed to follow with the commissariats of TRIPS. To make this, China need to amend rather a few of its Torahs on rational belongings protection. Between 1999 and 2002, in expectancy of its accession to WTO, China undertook a major reform of its Patent jurisprudence in August 2000, its hallmark jurisprudence in October 2001 and its Copyright Law in October 2001. In order to follow with TRIPS, Chinese Government made judicial reappraisal available. They besides made preliminary injunctions available and there was a wider scope of damages available. The sum of amendss awarded to claimants was increased. ( Hong et al. 2005 ) The consequence is that Chinese Intellectual Property Laws are now widely acknowledged to be pf international standard’ with minor countries of non-compliance with TRIPS. Having said that though, there is still a job with enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. There are economic, societal and cultural, political every bit good as institutional grounds for these jobs. Some of the economic factors are that Intellectual belongings is seen as many in the underdeveloped universe to merely protect foreign involvements. There is besides the fact that authorities would desire to protect their ain interest in the economic system. The societal and cultural jobs include deficiency of public consciousness, secondary function of jurisprudence in the society, the deficiency of the construct of single rights every bit good as the haste to catch up with engineering signifier other parts of the universe. Some of the political factors are the penchant for public enforcement mechanisms, th e fact that the Intellectual Property Agency is non unified. The institutional factors are that there are holds in enforcement procedure, there is a deficiency of good trained Judgess and other legal forces and the sum of amendss awarded is still excessively low. The Impact of Accession to the WTO The accession now provides a ground for legal reform. For China, a state known for non using democratic agencies, it gives the people power to inquire for reform as they now have the backup of the universe. Peoples making concern in China can now mention affairs to the WTO difference declaration mechanism. Other Impacts Since accession to the WTO, China has gained favors with the larger universe economic systems like the United States who instantly put China on its Most Favoured Nation List after accession. In footings of the handiness of trained legal forces to manage instances that may originate organize the sometimes drastic amendments of domestic Torahs under the WTO ; China has taken stairss to turn to the job. In March 2002, China held the first disposal of e new unified judicial scrutiny for attorneies, prosecuting officers and Judgess. ( Clarke 2003 Pg 109 ) . Another job that the Chinese Legal System has is that the tribunals are loath to take on sensitive instances. In September 2001, the Supreme People’s Court of China instructed lower tribunals to halt accepting stockholders suits for amendss on certain misdemeanors of China’s Securities Law non because it believed that the stockholders had no rights but because they did non yet have sophisticated adequate processs to cover with these suits. This has nevertheless been resolved as the Court instructed lower tribunals in February 2003 to get down taking on such instances once more. ( Clarke 2003 Pg 110 ) . The good intelligence though is that the WTO does non presume that provinces that are signers to its understandings would hold to the full developed legal systems at the clip they accede. The WTO demands are non that rigorous. Under Article 41 ( 5 ) the TRIPS Agreement ( which has the strictest demands as to legal system ) provides that it does non make an duty a separate enforcement mechanism for rational belongings rights distinct from that for enforcement of jurisprudence in general. The chief job with China’s legal system is the non-availability of independent reappraisal of administrative actions. The tribunals depend on local authoritiess for support and therefore their independency is limited. These jobs were pointed out along clip ago nevertheless, and one can be optimistic that they will be dealt with in due class. Decision It is obvious that globalization with its thoughts of free trade and particularly China’s accession to the WTO has had major impacts on the state. For one thing, foreign investing has increased as investors are more confident that their involvements will be protected and that they now have a signifier of redress quite independent from China’s former non crystalline legal system. Excessive duties and other revenue enhancements have been bit by bit phased out and foreign Bankss are given more privileges. In the country of rational belongings, China has amended its Patent, Copyrights and Trademarks jurisprudence to follow with the demands of TRIPS. Although there still rests jobs of enforcement, portion of which lies in the fact that the Judgess and attorneies are non good qualified, the Chinese Government has taken some stairss towards deciding these issues and there is yet hope. Areas of clash which may take a batch more clip to decide it would look would be for case acquiring China to follow with International Environmental Torahs which is a demand under the WTO Agreement. The fact that some of the alleged innovators of the free trade and WTO motion are non following either is non encouraging. Besides, the fact that China is seen as a Champion of lone Asiatic states but besides most underdeveloped states means that states are likely to emulate their policies. Bibliography Magarinos, C.A. and Sercovich, F.C. ( 2002 ) China’s Accession to the WTO: an Overview of Domestic and External Implications. In C.A. Magarinos, L. Yongtu and F.C. Sercovich ( Eds. ) China in the WTO: The Birth of a New Catching-Up Strategy. London: Palgrave Macmillan Hong et Al ( 2005 ) China Intellectual Property Law Guide Netherlands: Kluwer International Journal Articles Clarke, D. ( 2003 ) China’s Legal System and the WTO: Prospects for Compliance’ , Global Studies Review, 2 ( 97 ) 97-120 Tseng, W. and Zebregs H. Foreign Direct Investment in China: Some Lessons for Other Countries’ , IMF Policy Discussion Paper. Gettable from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/pdp/2002/pdp03.pdf

Grammar Tips Using the Future Tense - Get Proofed!

Grammar Tips Using the Future Tense - Get Proofed! Using the Future Tense We use the future tense for things ranging from stating vague ambitions (e.g., â€Å"I will go to Hawaii one day†) to making concrete plans (e.g., â€Å"I will book tickets this evening†). Mastering this tense is therefore essential for expressing yourself clearly. But how does this work? In English, we usually form the future tenses using the words â€Å"will† and â€Å"shall.† Read on for some grammatical tips. And once were done with the grammar, well go back to dreaming about Hawaii. Simple Future Tense The simple future tense combines â€Å"will† or â€Å"shall† with the base form of a verb (i.e., the verb form used in the simple present tense). For example, we could say: Hawaii will welcome us with open arms! Here, â€Å"will† is combined with â€Å"welcome† to make a prediction. Future Continuous Tense If you want to discuss an ongoing action in the future, you need the future continuous tense: I will be lying in the sun this time next week! As shown, the future continuous combines â€Å"will/shall be† and a present participle (i.e., an â€Å"-ing† verb). Future Perfect Tense The future perfect tense lets us project ourselves forward and reflect on something that hasn’t yet happened. Specifically, the future perfect covers actions that will have been completed in the future: Once I’ve been to Hawaii, I will have visited every US state. This tense is formed by combining â€Å"will/shall have† with a past participle. Future Continuous Perfect The difference between the future perfect and future perfect continuous tenses is that the future perfect continuous is used for ongoing actions that will have finished by a certain time: By the end of this journey, we will have been traveling for a month. As above, this tense usually describes an action that has already begun and specifies a time by which it will have ended. It is formed by combining â€Å"will/shall have been† with a present participle. Will or Shall? We said at the beginning of this post that â€Å"will† and â€Å"shall† are both used to express the future tense, but you may have noticed that we use â€Å"will† in all of the examples above. In the old days, â€Å"shall† was used with first-person pronouns (e.g. â€Å"I shall†) and â€Å"will† with second and third-person pronouns (e.g., â€Å"you will† or â€Å"it will†). Confusingly, these were then reversed to make an emphatic point, which is why the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella says, â€Å"You shall go to the ball!† But in modern American English, there are only two reasons to use â€Å"shall†: To sound formal (e.g., a contract) or old-fashioned (e.g., a historical novel) To ask a question in the first person (e.g., Shall I book the tickets tonight?) In all other cases, â€Å"will† is now standard with all pronoun types. Other Ways of Discussing the Future As well as using â€Å"will† or â€Å"shall,† English offers a couple of other ways to discuss the future: Use â€Å"going to† with an infinitive verb (e.g., The volcano is going to explode) Combine the present tense with a future time (e.g., It is happening tomorrow) You can use these as alternatives to the future tense forms set out above.

Cross-culturalism in film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cross-culturalism in film - Essay Example A great deal of what society expects is framed within the messaging portrayed through media and film, such as in Hollywood's version of Joy Luck Club. Hollywood has a continued tendency to only feature idealized images of thin, young, blonde, and mostly obedient to someone images of the female and is mostly blamed for unhealthy attitudes, but scientific theories have indicated that the process of shaping female identity, like any other concept of belonging or 'right' social thought, is a reciprocal process (Yglesias, 2005). Even though films portray the idealized concept of what a woman should be, it is up to women in the 'real' world to define what they really are in order to help change the images they see in film to more accurately reflect reality. However, an examination of a film that focuses on women and female identity, such as Joy Luck Club, illustrates that issues of female identity are much bigger in reality than they are shown on screen. This is made even more complex when women must consider issues such as tradition and self-fulfillment as they transition between two different cultures, as they do in the American-made film Joy Luck Club. An important concept to understand in such a study of cross-cultural female identity in film is the idea of the sociological imagination. This term is used to discuss the process through which people internally determine their place within society and helps shape how we will behave in different situations (Mills, 2000). As we play this cyclical game of determining our place in society and determining how we should behave in relation to that idea, whether we decide to act according to what is expected of us or completely against it, will play a significant role in how we create our own identity. When we internally link our personal experience with what we understand of cultural expectations, we begin to classify ourselves and others into different social groups according to those beliefs. This sociological imaginatio n builds upon three observable aspects of being which include class, race and gender (Mills, 2000). Race and gender are pretty self-explanatory, but class may need a bit more definition. According to Mills (2000), the person's profession, their income level, their education, and several other elements considered desirable by a given culture can factor into the concept of class. Within the Western European and American cultures, for example, class is given to people who have a high level of education, dress in expensive clothing, and who have a career conducted from within a private office are considered to have more class than people who don't dress well or who have trouble articulating their thoughts. Since it doesn't necessarily follow that people who dress well and speak clearly make more money or have more power than people who dress poorly and struggle to make their ideas clear, class is considered to be a highly flexible and imprecise measure. The idea of class plays a signifi cant role in the forming of female identity, though, as can be seen in Joy Luck Club. On a micro-level, the many female characters in the film can be

Cleveland Apollo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cleveland Apollo - Assignment Example This rampant concern about the ethical acquisition of antiquities has been the outcome of the widespread demands being made by the varied governments for the return of antiquities acquired by museums and collectors through unethical and illegal means and procedures, and the associated high profile trials. In that context the Cleveland Museum of Art’s acquisition of the statue of Apollo attributed to Praxiteles has attracted much controversy owing to the intriguing nature of its acquisition (Litt, 2010). Keeping in mind the existent ethics and international laws pertaining to the acquisitions of antiquities, it will certainly be apt to say that for the time the Cleveland Museum of Art must desist from displaying this statue of Apollo. The Cleveland Museum of Art acquired the controversial statue in 2004. Since then this statue has attracted much controversy. The museum is believed to have paid approximately $5 million to acquire this statue from Phoenix Ancient Art. This statut e is noted to be seen on an estate in Germany in the 30s and was noted to have stayed there before it was purchased by a Dutch antique collector in 1994 (Litt, 2010). After that the statute remained unseen for quite some time till it was traced to the Phoenix Ancient Art in 2002 (Cultural Heritage Resource, 2013). ... Thereby, the much plausible premise that ensues from the statement made by the Phoenix Ancient Art is that the firm was well aware of the statute’s past ownership history till it acquired it in 2002. This brings the acquisition of the Apollo statute by the Cleveland Museum of Art in direct confrontation with the established authorities and bodies of specialty, which have promulgated well specified ethical guidelines and ethical codes pertaining to the acquisition of antiquities. It will be academically quite insightful to delve into the guidelines published by these bodies of concern. The things is that any ethical museum or organization needs to stick to the guidelines ensuing from the UNESCO Convention aimed at prohibiting the unethical and illegal import and export of the cultural antiquities. As per the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the cultural antiquities need to be acquired in consonance with the international laws and the domestic laws imminent on the sale and purchase of su ch works of art (UNESCO, 2012)). Thereby, in a legal context this Convention debars the import of any antiquity into the United States of America that did not get out of the jurisdiction of its country of origin at a time that was not prior to the date when the restrictions were imposed, or any artifact that is not accompanied by an export license issued by its country of origin (Archaeological Institute of America (a), 2013). Now when one takes the UNESCO guidelines into consideration it does need to be mentioned that as per EC Regulation 3911/92, the export of any cultural antiquity that was traced in the jurisdiction of any EU member state in 1994 needs to be accompanied by an export license (Cultural Heritage Resource, 2013). This stands to be

Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around

Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around In order to give a thorough in-depth evaluation of Carlos Ghosns approach to turning Nissan around I have chosen to apply John Kotters 8-step model to strategic change implementation (Kotter J. P., 1996) displayed below. Kotter is regarded as an authority within the field of organization and change management and I find his model helps securing a comprehensive evaluation. The model is usually used as a forward-looking plan for how to handle a change process, but I will apply it as a retrospective analytical tool to review how the process was handled at Nissan. The first three steps are about creating the right climate for change and making sure the organization is ready to make a move ahead. The next three steps are about engaging and enabling the organization to pursue the strategy. Without support from a large part of the organization, change will not be successful, but equally important the organization needs to be equipped to handle such process change. The last two steps are all about implementing and sustaining change. Without focus on these aspects the organization is in risk of regress. The assignment puts emphasis on organizational and national culture. That is for good reason as I find them central aspects of the challenges Ghosn was facing, when he took over as the first non-Japanese COO of Nissan. Kotters 8-step model does not focus on culture, but it is implicitly handled in several of the steps most noticeable in step two and four. In the conclusion I will sum up the findings in the analysis and explicitly answer the four questions given in the text. 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Establish a sense of urgency2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Form a powerful coalition3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Create a vision4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Communicate the vision5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Empower others6 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Plan for and create short-term wins7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Consolidate improvements8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Institutionalize changes 3 | P a g e 2. EVALUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 ESTABLISH A SENSE OF URGENCY It is an ill wind that blows no good, this was also the case for the Yamaichi bankruptcy. The misfortune of the major financial house in Japan helped open the eyes of the employees in Nissan. Now the employees realized that lifetime employment was no longer a reality and that they had to do their own part to secure the companys future and thus their own jobs. Ghosn, to his credit, used the Yamaichi example whenever he could to continue to motivate his employees, repeating that their fate would be no different if they did not put all of their effort into figuring out, and then executing, the best way to turn Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003) The bankruptcy was indeed a blessing in disguise for Ghosn as it created the burning platform that according to Kotter is crucial to do change. Change is always accompanied by anxiety for the unfamiliar, but this event made sure the whole organization was aware that status quo is more dangerous for Nissan and each employee than venturing into the unknown. Kotter believes that around half of the failed change efforts can be traced back to step one. If people do not see why change is necessary, then motivation for change will be nonexistent. Moving a huge organization simply by brute force is an impossible task, but Ghosns strike of luck created a powerful momentum that diminished potential resistance to change. 2.2 FORM A POWERFUL COALITION One man cannot change a huge company such as Nissan. Ghosn realized this as well. Even though he had been talking with plant employees and had gained a lot of knowledge about what should be done, he chose not to impose a revival plan on Nissan. He wanted the employees to come up with ideas themselves and to lay down a plan for what was to happen. His establishment of the nine Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) and their sub-teams created powerful coalitions that were essential in turning the company around. These coalitions mainly consisted of middle managers, but they were empowered because they reported directly to two supervisors from the executive committee, had full access to all 4 | P a g e necessary information, and they had the full support from top management. The cross-functional aspect gave the freedom and insight to create radical changes without being weighted down by the need for conscientiousness and corporation, which is a general characteristic for most Japanese companies including Nissan. This powerful coalition is, according to Kotter, fundamental for a successful change as Ghosn needed protagonists to influence the whole organization and these protagonists needed to have enough impact to counteract the inherent resistance to change. A powerful coalition is especially important in Japanese culture as group harmony is a cornerstone in their work environment. A powerful coalition will have fewer problems, relative to a similar situation in a company in Western culture, converting the minds of opponents as many will act opportunistic and follow the majority or as Ghosn puts it: When you get a clear strategy and communicate your priorities, its a pleasure working in Japan. The Japanese are so organized and know how to make the best of things. They respect leadership. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.3 CREATE A VISION According to Ghosn, Nissan had been suffering from management lacking vision and he pointed this out as one of five main issues that he wanted to address. First creating the Nissan Revival Plan and then formulating Nissan 180 was an excellent two-step vision, which was guiding, laying a foundation for decision making, and created a bridge from the present to where he wanted to take the company in the future. The vision helped the employees understand why they had to undergo change by showing what was in store in the future. That they had to change their attention from regaining market shares to focus on customer demands. Not only was Ghosn aggressively launching the Nissan 180 program to transition out of the Nissan Revival Plan program, but he was also pushing a new, customer-focused initiative called Quality3-3-3. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 5 | P a g e Creating a vision that is tangible, concise, and easy to relate to for the employees is key when setting out to change an organization. Detailed plans for what needs to be done are at this point not advisable because they do not create the much needed excitement and enthusiasm, which is so vital. It is important to bear in mind that this step is part of the first three steps, which focus on creating the right climate for change. It is therefore all about talking to peoples feelings and not necessarily to their intellect. Furthermore Kotter stresses that leaders need to walk the walk. Actions often speak louder than words and if leaders want people to follow them, then they must take the lead. Ghosn was aware of this. One issue Ghosn noticed, shortly after arriving at Nissan, was the lack of communication between the layers of the organization, and as the quote below shows Ghosn was prepared to walks the walk himself. He was the first manager to actually walk around the entire company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.4 COMMUNICATE THE VISION It is not enough to create a great vision. It also has to be communicated effectively to the organization. It says in the text that Ghosn communicated both NRP and Nissan 180 aggressively and that two of his three philosophies of management are: Transparency an organization can only be effective if followers believe that what the leaders think, say, and do are all the same thing. Communication of company direction and priorities this is the only way to get truly unified effort and buy-in. (Millikin Dean, 2003) Information concerning his methods of communication is unfortunately lacking, but there is no doubt, that he understood the importance of communicating the vision, and results show that he succeeded brilliantly. Ghosn and his coalition managed to reach out to all employees and motivate them to move towards the vision. If he had not been able to communicate 6 | P a g e effectively enough the NRP arguably would not have been the rapid success it turned out to be. The NRP was achieved in March 2002, one year ahead of schedule. (Millikin Dean, 2003) Kotter stresses the importance of having focus on communication of the vision because it will act as a guideline, and if people do not get that information they do not know which direction to go. Because mental images are easier to remember one of the effective ways to get the message across is using metaphors, analogies, and examples. His metaphor of 180 in the Nissan 180 vision is a paragon of virtue in that way. It clearly creates a picture of turning the company around, and incorporating the metrics in the 180 made it easier for employees to remember what they needed to do. 2.5 EMPOWER OTHERS The Japanese culture forced Ghosn to pay extra attention on the empowerment of employees. As mentioned, Japanese business culture is characterized by a search for conscientiousness, corporation, group harmony, and an avoidance of mistakes. This all leads to a delay of decision making and a lack of responsibility. The introduction of CFTs was an attempt to break with the inconveniences of Japanese culture without harassing the fundamentals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cultural conflict, if paced and channeled correctly, could provide opportunity for rapid innovation. (Millikin Dean, 2003) People in CFTs got a birds eye perspective of the company and it gave them a sense of ownership and responsibility, which was necessary to turn things around. Ghosn even went as far as to put his own fate in the hands of his employees as he had publicly stated his trust in the employees abilities. He encouraged employees to come forth with their ideas and take risks. This was contradictory to their instincts as it was embedded in the organizational culture not to seek risks and to reach consensus before making a decision. Furthermore, he made organizational changes such as permanent cross-functional departments and matrix organization for higher-level staff, which all emphasized the demand for 7 | P a g e responsibility and accountability. Finally he changed the traditional Japanese compensation system to a more Western approach with possibility for employee advancements based on performance instead of seniority. This greatly empowered the talented employees, which was much needed in this change. In many cases, these midlevel managers enjoyed learning about the business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and felt fully engaged in the change process, giving them a sense of responsibility and ownership about turning Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.6 PLAN FOR AND CREATE SHORT-TERM WINS Ghosn excels when it comes to creating short-term wins. His NRP created tremendous results that boosted motivation throughout the organization. One success was a 20% reduction in purchasing costsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the supplier base shrunk by 40% and the service suppliers decreased by 60%. (Millikin Dean, 2003) It is incredibly important that short-term wins are communicated broadly to the organization, so people can see their hard work come to fruition. Often leaders of change hope that short-term success will arise, but according to Kotter it is necessary to actually plan for them. A commitment to create short-term goals has a positive side effect as it increases the sense of urgency throughout the first period. Ghosn did it brilliantly by announcing to the public that the company would show a profit within two years. This is something all employees can understand and it creates a commitment that helps in the realization of his promises. 2.7 CONSOLIDATE IMPROVEMENTS One of Ghosns three management principles is to execute. He states that 95% of the job is about execution. It is not enough to have a strategy if it is not carried out. This is completely in line with Kotters thinking. The consolidation of improvements is all about securing the short-term wins by rooting them in the company and using that as a foundation for further work. At the same time as he declared that the NRP was achieved he announced the Nissan 180. Nissan 180 represented a plan for growth based on the improvements that NRP yielded. 8 | P a g e Now that they had made the necessary improvements, it was time to consolidate and improve further. I think many leaders mistakenly would have left out the second step of Ghosns two-step vision. But if he had done so, the company presumably would have had difficulties rooting the tremendous results and huge changes that were created in such a short time. His timing of the announcement of Nissan 180 was perfect as it kept the momentum going. The Nissan Revival Plan is over. Two years after the start of its implementation, all the official commitments we took have been overachieved one full year ahead of scheduleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Nissan is now ready to grow. 2.8 INSTITUTIONALIZE CHANGES Another of Kotter areas of focus is that changes are often considered finished too early. The organization needs time to really settle in the new ways and if victory is declared too early, then there is a risk of returning to the old ways. Ghosn was aware of that as he was concerned with what will happen when he returned to Renault. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ghosn contemplates the future, he knows that the transformation has really just begun The momentum and positive energy that have been created from all the success needs to be followed-up by a new vision and new goals. This can potentially be a difficult task because the great success could diminish the employees sense of urgency. Whether or not his successor is able to do so remains unknown, but the fact that Ghosn was aware that there is still a long way to go shows his great insight to problems with turning a company around and institutionalizing changes. 9 | P a g e 3. EVALUATION CONCLUSION Omitting the fact that Kotter introduced his 8-step model in 1995 one could almost suspect that Ghosn had read about Kotters model to strategic change as it looks like he follows them closely. Ghosns ability to establish the right climate for change, engaging and enabling the whole organization, and implementing and sustaining the change in such a large organization is admirable. 1) I think the resistance to change that Ghosn faced was inevitable. Turning a company around as drastically as was needed for Nissan is bound to create resistance. Such a big change makes the future uncertain for many employees and the uncertainty is something many naturally try to avoid. Combining that with strong Japanese traditions, an organizational culture that is hindering innovation and adaptability, and a Japanese government that historically always have bailed out troubled employees, and thereby created a pretext for inaction, only made it worse. Trying to move people, who do not find movement necessary, will unavoidably create tension and resistance. That being said, I think Ghosn handed the resistance to change ideally. 2) I am sure that many parts of the Nissan organization did not feel very good about having Ghosn changing things as drastically as he did. The reduction of 21,000 jobs will inevitably create opponents among the lower level employees as well as higher in the hierarchy. Furthermore, the demotion of Vice President of Sales and Marketing in Japan would presumably create antagonists with more leverage. Throughout the text examples of his no-nonsense approach to leadership shows that he is a tough leader that does not accept failure and he demands that people take responsibility for their actions. I think this kind of approach combined with his philosophies of management and his capacity for global leadership was the key to his success in Nissan and the reason why his opponents were not able to challenge him seriously. Another reason is the respect for leadership that is inherent in most Japanese. This made his approach to leadership even more effective. Finally, his involvement of the CF Ts made sure that he would not be the only one in the line of fire. The delegation of responsibilities to the CFTs helped getting the support of middle and lower levels, so he could focus his attention on top management. 10 | P a g e 3) The national culture has without a doubt played a large part in the outcome of Ghosns attempt to turn Nissan around. On the one hand it hindered change because of the sense of security the government created and its rigid approach to decision making and career advancement. On the other hand the respect for leadership made it easier for him and his CFTs to have an impact on the organization. The cultural differences between Ghosn and the Nissan organization was profound because he had never been exposed to Japanese culture before, but his approach to the culture ensured that he was fully aware of the issues that could arise. He stated that he wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. That shows his humble and respectful approach to their culture, which I think benefitted him. 4) There is no doubt that Ghosn was lucky. His timing was impeccable as the bankruptcy of Yamaichi happened when he took office as COO in Nissan. This fortunate misfortune paved the way for a major organizational and cultural change that otherwise would have been hard to push through. Without this, Ghosn and his CFTs would probably have faced a much more daunting task. Whether or not they would have been able to power through in spite remains unknown, but having learned about Ghosn leadership abilities I think he would have found a way. All in all I think Carlos Ghosn did an incredible job turning Nissan around in a very short period of time. As a non-Japanese COO he managed to overcome Japanese cultural obstacles, as well as effectively transforming a bureaucratic organizational culture and turning a large continuing deficit into a profit within 18 month. One could question whether his successor will be able to continue what Ghosn started or if he/she needs to find his/her own way. Either way, Ghosn has a justifiable concern for the future of Nissan. They might be on the right path, but they are still far from reaching their goals. 11 | P a g e

Case Study: Employee Retention Essay

This is a critique is based on two articles, in which addresses the issues of employee retention and suggestions for the motivation and engagement of employees in the hospitality industry. The first article is titled â€Å"Targeted employee retention: Performance-based and job-related differences in reported reasons for staying† by Hausknecht, Rodda, and Howard (2009), in which addresses the major theories to help in explaining the reason that employees stay or leave their organization, and ways to retain them. The second is titled â€Å"Terms of engagement† written by David MacLeod (2010) that presents suggest ways for motivating and engaging employees so they will want to stay. ANALYSIS OF KEY POINTS IN â€Å"TARGETED EMPLOYEE RETENTION† _Reasons employees want to stay with their company_ According to this article, the primary reason that employees stay with their employer are job satisfaction; they enjoy the work involved in serving customers. For many employees, the reasons for staying are for the extrinsic rewards such as pay, benefits and advancement opportunities. Employees want to receive fair rewards for their efforts. If these rewards are not presently found, employees may leave for other opportunities that offer greater rewards. Another factor is â€Å"constituent attachments, in the form of effective supervision and positive peer group relations,† (Hausknecht et tal, 2009, p. 3). Other incentives to retaining employees are organizational commitment and prestige. The secondary reasons are compensation, competitive wages, health benefits, retirement contributions, and incentive plans. Additional reasons for staying are â€Å"constituent attachments, organizational commitment, organizational prestige, lack of alternatives, investments,  advancement opportunities, location, organizational justice, flexible work arrangements, and non-work influences† (p.10). Companies must find ways to keep their employees satisfied so they will not want to leave. _Retention_ Retention is the most important part of a company’s approach to talent management. When organizations cannot retain high performers, its core leadership base will eventually erode as a result of losses in performance, high replacement costs, and potential talent shortages. Because of this, employers are seeking â€Å"to retain high performers and replace low performers with workers who bring greater skills and abilities to the organization† (p. 5). More important than understanding the reasons why people stay is in understanding how retention factors are different between high performers and others at different levels within the company, (p. 2). The authors suggest that organizations should adopt specific strategies retention of their most valued employees rather than those that are considered average or low performers, (p. 2). ANALYSIS OF KEY POINTS IN â€Å"TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT† _Benefits of better engagement_ The hospitality industry places certain pressures on its employees such as long hours, in which can interfere with their social life, and oftentimes having seasonal nature make it more difficult to retain good people. Engaged employees are far more likely to stay with the company than those who are disengaged. In such a highly-pressured environment as the hospitality industry, it is more difficult to more effectively assess and engage employees. According to the author, there are steps that employers can follow to help ensure employees are committed to delivering great customer experiences along with delivering longer-term growth and success, (MacLeod, 2010). _Define a clear and compelling goal_ Oftentimes employees feel that management does not clearly communicate business objectives to them, in which may give the impression that senior managers do not have a clear vision for the future of the business. That is the reason the author states the importance of communication, and having a clear vision concerning the direction of the company, the goals to achieve, and how the employee fits in to that vision, (MacLeod, 2010). On a personal level, employees want to know what those plans are and how it will affect, (MacLeod, 2010). _Involve employees_ One of the important factors to effective engagement is to involve the employees in sharing their insights into how particular issues can be addressed, such as relating to customer service issues, or how the business is promoted. It is also important to provide feedback on the points they do bring up because employees that are involved in sharing their insights tend to be more engaged in the day-to-day operations of the business, (MacLeod, 2010). _Commit to regular communication_ Whether the economic climate is strong or weak, it is important that management commit regularly to open communication by sharing information with employees throughout the year concerning the performance of the business along with any issues or challenges that they may have. By having open communications with the employees is the key to an effective employer/ employee relationship, in which builds and maintains trust, (MacLeod, 2010). SUMMARY AND OPINION Employee turnover in the hospitality industry is an issue that most business owners face. Hospitality businesses can reduce the turnover rate significantly by paying more attention to the needs of their staff because happy employees make happy customers. The analysis of the key points in the  first article; by Hausknecht, Rodda, and Howard (2009) is more about how to retain employees rather then that the reasons they quit. A primary concern for many organizations is that of retaining top talent. If organizations fail to retain their employees, it will hinder their ability to remain competitive because of a less qualified workforce. The author’s goal for this study was to generate a foundation relating to employees’ reported reasons for staying and to review â€Å"the major theories that have been advanced in the literature over the past 50 years that help explain why employees stay or quit,† (p. 2). After the hospitality industry has faced a serious challenge of retaining employees, MacLeod (2010), in his article â€Å"Terms of engagement† presents a research on the management teams of the hospitality industry. The analysis of the key points in this article was that the research presents suggestions for the motivation of employees and for employee engagement, including a clear goal, involvement of employees and analysis of behavior. The author states the importance of communicating this vision so the employees will know how this vision will personally affect them. As I read these articles, what comes to my mind is the concept of fusion; between retention high performance employees with the motivation of employees and employee engagement. If this cannot be achieved, it will continue to lead to labor turnover, which is very costly. The most important thing to remember in the hospitality industry is that the customer is number one; always. But this cannot be achieved without valuable employees who believe the same thing. Before the customer can be treated as number one, the employees must be first because happy employees lead to happy customers. References Hausknecht, J. P., Rodda, J., & Howard, M. J. (2009). Targeted employee retention: Performance-based and job-related differences in reported reasons for staying. Human Resource Management, 48(2), 269-288. MacLeod, D. (2010). _Terms of engagement_. Caterer & Hotelkeeper, 200(4618), 56-58.

Native American and The US government Essay - 1169 Words

Native American and The US government The Iroquois Nation was a nation of five tribes, which was comprised of Mohawks, Senecas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Onondagas. These tribes were originally separated, but later brought together by two Indians named Hiawatha and Deganawidah. Hiawatha seemed to be the spokesman while Deganawidah took on the role as a philosopher. These two men formed a nation where some of the ideas are still intact today. One aspect that made them so strong was the way in which they governed themselves. Women in their society were basically in charge, except for the Sachems who were representatives appointed by the heads of the Ohwachiras. When this federal assembly met, the Sachems voted as tribes instead as†¦show more content†¦A written history was not looked at as being that important. The Native Americans don’t recognize time in a linear fashion but more of a circular one. The old history of the Native Americans was one of war chiefs and cruel leaders with a blood thirst and extreme savagery. The older has more religion mixed in with it, as it should because the great emphasis on religion and history are combined. The Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans were a people with inner strife and conflict as well as accomplishment. They were on the land that connected them with there history and it was easy for them to pass it down. The new history is one of forced moves from lands that connect the Native Americans to their history and religion. The new history is comprised of trade wars along with fighting amongst once friendly tribes. The new history is also comprised of sickness, which was spread by Europeans. Hopefully, new writings about the leaders who were philosophers and great peacemakers will replace the misguided views of early European history. Life For the Native Americans was good before the Europeans arrived. The Natives live in harmony with nature and each other, living in an understood coexistence. Natives planted fields and hunted, while moving about throughout the year according to season. After the arrival of the Europeans, much of the native population died of disease. Whether this wasShow MoreRelatedVarious Policies Of The Us Government Toward Native American Tribes1614 Words   |  7 Pages History 17B Midterm #1 Zack Jodry History 17B Professor Pritchard March 10th, 2015 Jodry 2 Part One: Explain the various policies of the US government toward Native American tribes, 1870-1890. Give concrete examples of these policies and various tribal responses to US government actions. America’s Gilded Age. A time where in the span of 20 years, a major amount of progress has made its way to our young nation. 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The Narrative Voice of Middlemarch and Wuthering Heights

During the nineteenth century, the novel as a form underwent a radical development and authors of prose fiction began to allow their creativity to intertwine with realist conventions. Authors such as Charles Dickens and George Eliot created a new kind of imaginative prose writing, which straddled the cusp of imagination and reality. Prior to this, the conventions of the novel were far more historical and factual than the novels of the nineteenth century – many authors at this point seemed to find it difficult to refrain from drawing their own experiences into their work - and the novel as a form was considered by many to be a very middle class idea, as the rise of the novel coincided with the mergence of the middle-class in British†¦show more content†¦Both novels comprise of a complex narrative structure, and are narrated from the third person perspective, however this is technique is utilized differently in each story. Whereas Wuthering Heights is narrated from the (unreliable) perspectives of two characters in the story; Lockwood and Nelly Dean, the narrator of Middlemarch is a highly intelligent omniscient (unnamed) narrator which allows each character in the story to be examined and presented in great depth – a kind of ‘licensed trespasser’ and becomes a transparent presence. She allows the reader a window into the novels events, yet she does not place herself in the way. However different they may be in form and content, both texts share a multi-perspective narrative, and the events which occur in these fictional worlds are presented and conveyed on different levels and from various perspectives. In this essay, I will discuss the idea of the omniscient narrator in relation to Middlemarch and Wuthering Heights. In Middlemarch I feel that she is an important and necessary device and without her, readers would not gain such a rounded perspective. In Wuthering Heights however the unreliable narration is told from multi-laye red perspectives and provides readers with a biased view of the events which unfold throughout the novel, and I will explore why this can be problematic. Whilst Middlemarch’s narrator has been defined as a third-person omniscient narrator, many critics have hadShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesExplain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Orlando Don Quixote A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Gesture